- Soviet and Russian rocket scientist and engineer.
- Born on March 01, 1912 in Lódz, Russian Empire (now Poland)
- He was a prominent Soviet and Russian rocket designer, responsible for control systems of a number of ballistic missiles and spacecraft. He was the author of a four-volume book Rockets and People, the definitive source of information about the history of the Soviet space program.
- From 1974, he was the deputy chief designer of the S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, the space aircraft designer bureau which he started working for in 1974. He retired in 1992.
- He died on December 14, 2011 in Moscow, Russia - aged 99.