Hayabusa-2 satellite

Hayabusa-2

Japan

Spacecraft nº:

Japanese spacecraft nº: 207

Launch data:

Designation	40319 / 14076A
Launch date	03 Dec 2014 - 04:22 UT
Launch site	Tanegashima, YLP-1
Launch vehicle	H-2A-202 (No 26)
Mission	asteroid lander and sample return mission
Heliocentric orbit:
Perigee / Apogee	245 x -50912 km
Eccentricity
Inclination	29.9°
Period	min

Launched together with: Shin´en 2 - DESPATCH - PROCYON

Spacecraft data:

Prime manufacturer	NEC
Platform
Operator	Jaxa
Mass at launch	590 kg
Dry Mass	kg
Basic shape
Dimension (Main structure)	1.0 x 1.6 x 1.4m Paddle span: 6.0m
Equipment	Sampler reentry capsule
Solar array
Stabilization
Propulsion	4 × Ion thruster
DC power	2 deployable fixed solar arrays
Target body	1999 JU3 (C-type, Near Earth Object)
Scheduled arrival at destination	2018
Scheduled return to Earth	2020
Duration of stay at the asteroid	about 18 months
Design lifetime	6 yrs

Hayabusa-2 and Mascot-1

Hayabusa-2 overview

End of live:

Re-entered date:	05 Dec 2020 (.75)
Lifetime:

Description:

HAYABUSA 2 is an asteroid sample return mission operated by the Japanese space agency, JAXA. It follows on from Hayabusa and addresses weak points learned from that mission. Hayabusa 2 is heading for asteroid 1999 JU3, a carbon-rich world just 900 meters (about 3,000 feet) across with a tenuous gravity field 60,000 times weaker than Earth′s. Hayabusa 2′s electrically-powered ion engines were upgraded to produce more thrust, and engineers installed a Ka-band antenna to beam data back to Earth at four times the rate possible on the first Hayabusa mission. The spacecraft will arrive at the asteroid in June 2018 after swinging by Earth late next year to get a boost to the mission′s destination, which circles the sun between the orbits of Earth and Mars.

Mission details:

Japan′s Hayabusa-2 space probe was launched into solar orbit on Dec 2, 2014 by the H-IIA-26 rocket. The probe is intended to rendezvous with asteroid (162173) 1999 JU3, survey it from orbit, touch down briefly to sample the surface, and return samples to Earth. Five small, beanbag-like ′target markers′ can be ejected onto the surface in advance to help guide the vehicle. Hayabusa-2 also carries three 1 kg class lander/hopper devices, Minerva II-1a, II-1b and II-2 (Micro/Nano Experimental Robot Vehicle for Asteroid), which will be ejected onto the surface, together with a 10 kg German-built lander called MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout). Hayabusa-2 will also eject a ′Self-Contained Impactor′ (SCI) device onto the surface.

MINERVA-2-1A, MINERVA-2-1B and MINERVA-2-2 Credit:JAXA

Attached sub-satellites:
```
             Name                              INTL.     Notes

              MASCOT        )                   A08308   Attached to S40319
              Minerva II-1a )                   A08305   Attached to S40319
              Minerva II-1b )                   A08306   Attached to S40319
              Minerva II-2  )                   A08307   Attached to S40319
              SCI           )                   A08309   Attached to S40319
              DCAM-3        )                   A08310   Attached to S40319
              Target Marker 1)                  A08311   Attached to S40319
              Target Marker 2)                  A08312   Attached to S40319
              Target Marker 3)                  A08313   Attached to S40319
              Target Marker 4)                  A08314   Attached to S40319
              Target Marker 5)                  A08315   Attached to S40319
```
As the parent spacecraft scoots off to the side it will further eject the DCAM-3 camera subsatellite, which will monitor detonation of SCI′s high explosive, intended to ram the SCI′s body into the asteroid and generate an artificial crater.
The second stage of the H-IIA deployed three further spacecraft into solar orbit. The most unusual is DESPATCH (ArtSat-2) from Tama Art University. The yellowish, tapered-helix assembly is intended mainly as a work of art although it also carries an amateur radio communications payload with a limited range. Shin′en-2 has a more ambitious communications payload designed to demonstrate deep space communications with a small spacecraft, and PROCYON is a small spacecraft experiment to test interplanetary navigation with an ion engine. PROCYON will be sent to a different asteroid from Hayabusa-2; which one hasn′t been decided yet, and will depend on the actual trajectory it′s been launched into.
The sampler horn deployment was confirmed by images taken by the onboard small monitor camera that was manufactured and loaded onto the Hayabusa2.

Monitor camera location
Launched into a 245 x -50902 km x 29.9 deg hyperbola with C3=21.03 km**2/s**2, Hayabusa-2 and its fellow travellers left the Earth-Moon system on Dec 6, 2014 passing the distance of the L1 point at around 2030 UTC, and antered a 0.915 x 1.089 AU x 6.8 deg solar orbit.
On Jun 18, 2018 Hayabusa-2 was under 180 km from asteroid Ryugu; it is making trajectory correction burns about every 2 days. It is expected to be stationkeeping 20 km from Ryugu by the end of the month.
On Jun 27, 2018 at 0030 UTC Hayabusa-2 began stationkeeping 20 km from the 0.9 km-diameter asteroid (162173) Ryugu. On Jul 17-25 the probe approached to 6 km from Ryugu and then returned to the 20 km point.
Hayabusa-2 made its first ′touchdown rehearsal′, TD1-R1 on Sep 11-12, 2018, approaching the asteroid to within 0.6 km before retreating, rather than the planned 0.04 km.
Hayabusa-2 began its descent from the 20 km home point at 0508 UTC Sep 20, 2018. By 04:06 UTC Sep 21 it was only 50 metres above Ryugu descending at 0.1m/s. The MINERVA II1 cover was ejected at 04:06 UTC followed by Rover 1A and Rover 1B. All three objects then sailed down the asteroid surface, while at about 04:11 UTC Hayabusa-2 made a divert burn to reverse its descent and return to the home position.
Both Rover 1A and Rover 1B successfully reached the surface, possibly around 04:25 UTC. They then began hopping around the asteroid while taking pictures. The rovers are 1 kg discs, about 0.12m high 0.15m dia. They contain an internal mechanism which can be made to spin; changes in its angular momentum cause the rover to flip over and ′hop′ to another position on the surface. Regular wheeled rovers would not be practical in the low gravity, irregular-surfaced enviroment of Ryugu, where the escape velocity is only about 1 km/hr.
On Oct 2-3, 2018 Hayabusa-2 again descended close to Ryugu; at 01:57 UTC Oct 3 it ejected the German-French MASCOT lander at an altitude of 51 metres, and then retreated to 3 km altitude. MASCOT landed on Ryugu at about 02:17 UTC and transmitted from the surface until 19:04 UTC. Hayabusa-2 then returned to its 20 km home position again.
On Oct 15, 2018 Hayabusa-2 made a descent to only 22 metres above Ryugu in a touchdown rehearsal named TD1-R1-A. The next touchdown rehearsal TD1-R3, was on Oct 25.
Target Marker B, a 0.1m, 0.3 kg ball (one of five carried) was ejected from a height of 20 metres at 02:37 UTC and landed on the surface.
Hayabusa-2 left its 20 km home position on Nov 23, 2018 and is backing off to 100 km from Ryugu, to make sure it doesn′t collide with the asteroid during ′conjunction′ when communications with Earth are impaired because the Sun is in the way.
On Nov 30 at a range of 75 km the probe made a burn of 3.8 mm/s to slightly accelerate the retreat. On Dec 11 it will reach an aporyugon of 110 km. Another orbit manoeuvre will be made on Dec 25 as Ryugu emerges from behind the Sun as seen from Earth.
The Hayabusa-2 probe in the vicinity of (162173) Ryugu already deposited three rover-landers on the asteroid, but on Feb 20, 2019 Japan began an attempt to land the main probe itself momentarily on the surface in a touch-and-go operation to collect an asteroid surface sample. The landing attempt was designated TD1-L08E1; L08E1 is the designation of the target landing site. Hayabusa-2 began its descent at around 0415 UTC Feb 21, 2019 and reached the surface at about 2230 UTC. It fired a projectile into the surface, which - it is hoped - kicked up asteroidal material into the probe′s sample collector; and then immediately took off again to return towards the 20 km home point.
At 0400 UTC on Apr 4, 2019 Haybusa 2 began another descent from its 20 km home point towards the surface of Ryugu. At an altitude of 500m, at 0156 UTC Apr 5, it ejected the SCI (Small Carry-On Impactor), a 14 kg vehicle with a 5 kg explosive shaped charge and a 2 kg copper mass. Hayabusa-2 then performed an avoidance burn to head off several km to the side of the asteroid, over the horizon from the SCI location. Early in this retreat, at 0214 UTC, it ejected the DCAM-3 camera package. At 0236 UTC the SCI detonated, propelling the copper payload into the asteroid with the intention of creating a new crater. DCAM-3 imaged this operation and relayed the data to the main spacecraft. Hayabusa-2 will image Ryugu from a safe distance and search for the resulting crater, before returning to its 20 km home point on around Apr 20. The plan is to then make a further descent to sample the freshly exposed material in the new crater.
Hayabusa-2 ejected a second small ′target marker′ onto the surface of Ryugu at about 0219 UTC May 30, 2019 during another descent to about 10 metres above the asteroid.
Hayabusa-2 made its second sampling touch-and-go on the surface of Ryugu at 0106UTC Jul 11, 2019.
On Sep 16, 2019 Hayabusa-2 released two 10-cm-diameter target markers (TM-E at 1617 UTC and TM-C at 1624 UTC) about 1 km above the surface of Ryugu. The spacecraft is observing the target markers as they descend slowly in Ryugu′s weak gravitational field. The TMs are expected to impact the surface by Sep 23.
The MINERVA-2-2 container was released from Hayabusa-2 about 1 km above Ryugu at 1557 UTC on Oct 2, 2019. Rover 2 separated from the container and both objects (container and Rover) are believed to have drifted onto the surface by Oct 8. Measurements of the radio beacon on Rover 2 confirmed it to be on the surface.
On Oct 14, 2019 Hayabusa-2 returned to its home point 20 km from Ryugu. On Nov 13 at 0105 UTC, it made a 0.1m/s departure burn to begin the trip back to Earth. On Nov 18 Hayabusa-2 left Ryugu′s gravitational sphere of influence and reentered a 0.96 x 1.41 AU x 5.9 deg heliocentric orbit.
It successfully delivered the samples back to Earth on 6 December 2020 (Japan Standard Time|JST), dropping the contents by parachute in a special container at a location in southern Australia. The samples were retrieved the same day for secure transport back to the JAXA labs in Japan.

External links:

MASCOT Information
Wikipedia: Hayabusa 2 Information

Ref.: #3(SD578), #7(JR706,708,750,751,753,754,756-758,761,763,765,767,769,771), #14, #98, #207, #228, #jaxa.jp - update: 15.04.21

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