Module "Priroda"

USSR

Launch, orbit & landing data:

Designation	23848 / 96023A
Launch date - time	23 Apr 1996 - 11:48:50 UT
Launch site	Baikonur, LC81L
Launch vehicle	Proton-K
OKB name - S/N°	77KSI #17401
Mass (kg)	18630
Docking date - time	26 Apr 1996 - 12:42:32 UT
Target spacecraft/port	Mir/ -X port
Earth orbit on :
- Perigee / Apogee	220 / 347 km
- Inclination	51.67°
- Period	89.89 min
Undocking date - time	27 Apr 1996 - 08:32:?? UT
Docking date - time	27 Apr 1996 - 10:06:?? UT
Target spacecraft/port	Mir/ +Z port
Decay date - time ( with orbital complex "Mir")	23 Mar 2001 - 05:59:36 UT
Flight Duration (d:hr:min)	1794d 18h
Nbr orbits	28182

Mission details:

The 77KSI (TsM-I) Priroda module was launched by Proton from Baykonur on Apr 23, 1996. The 19500 kg Priroda is the final module for the Mir complex, and was built by the Krunichev factory.

77KSI carries a set of remote sensing experiments and some microgravity experiments:

 MSU-SK and MSU-E optical and infrared scanners
 OZON-M ozone profile detector
 ISTOK-1 infrared spectrometer
 MOS Imaging spectrometer, Germany
 ALISA LIDAR optical sounder, France
 IKAR-N, IKAR-D scanning and pointing microwave radiometers
 IKAR-P microwave radiometer
 TRAVERS Synthetic aperture radar operating at 9 and 23 cm
 MOMS-2P Stereoscopic imagers
 MIM  Microgravity Isolation Mount, Canada

On Apr 25 one of the two battery systems on Priroda failed. Priroda does not carry solar panels.
Priroda docked with Mir at 1243 UTC on Apr 26. This is the first time one of the 77KS modules has docked on the first attempt.
All modules of station "Mir" (except for "Kvant" ) was first docked to front port and latter the own manipulator arm pivoted the module at the proper radial port.
On Apr 27, Priroda was due to be rotated from the -X port to the +Z port. Kristall is at -Z, Kvant-2 at +Y, Spektr at -Y, and Kvant at +X. The Soyuz TM-23 craft is docked to the +X port of Kvant, and the Stikovochnoy Otsek (Docking Module) is attached at the -Z port of Kristall.

Date	Time (UT)	Explanation
Apr 26, 1996	12:42:32	docking of module "Priroda" to fore (transitional) unit (-X) of station "Mir"
Apr 27, 1996	08:32	beginning of redocking of module "Priroda" from longitudinal fore (transitional) unit (-X) of station "Mir" to radial one
Apr 27, 1996	10:06	redocking of module "Priroda" to radial fore (transitional) unit (+Z) of station "Mir" ; duration 1:34
Mar 23, 2001	05:59:36	end of existence of module "Priroda" with orbital complex "Mir"

Astrophilately covers:

Launch cancel Baikonur and special mission cancel, send registrated. Special Kazakstan stamp instead of Russian.

Ref.: #6, #7(JR285), #21 - update: 14.11.18

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