It was in November of 1938 that Gruppe IV (Division IV) was set up at Wa.Prüf.11 (Abteilung 11 der Amtsgruppe für Entwicklung and Prüfwesen des Heereswaffenamtes = Division 11 of the Army Ordinance Department) for immediate mass production of the A4 rocket after the completion of its development. Beginning in January 1939, this organization, headed by Walter Dornberger, was responsible for the development of rockets for the German army. Several designs had already been tested and with the success of the recent A5 launches (an A4 test-bed rocket), the Peenemünde scientists were starting the actual work on what would become the V2 rocket. Their efforts would finally culminate in late 1943, when the A4/V2 was being successfully fired on a regular basis. General Walter Dornberger had been working toward the mass production of A4 rockets, finally securing production authority for Peenemünde. But, on August 17, 1943, an RAF raid on Peenemünde caused the high command to reconsider the site because of its vulnerability to Allied air attack. The SS took A4 production away from Dornberger and moved it to a massive network of underground tunnels near Nordhausen. This facility was called the Mittelwerk and it was controlled directly by the SS. There existed a debate as to whether the A4 should be a mobile weapon. The rocket scientists favored fixed launching complexes so that all of the prepping and last minute adjustments could be done to the rocket. The military experts realized that a fixed site would always be an easy target for Allied bombers.

At Calais and Cherbourg in France, Hitler ordered in autumn of 1942, the construction of V2 rocket bases, where he planned to launch wave after wave of attacks on the cities of Southern England. These sites, Watten, Sottevast& Wizernes, consisted of giant concrete bunkers. At these locations, the Germans intended to launch hundreds rockets per week and also produce the liquid oxygen needed for rocket fuel. During late 1943 and early 1944, Allied aircraft dropped tons of bombs on each of these sites. The massive concrete structures were never operational, but became an integral part of the V2 history.

After the Fi 103 Flying Bombs (V1) launching sites in France had been over-run by advancing Allied Armies, Hitler gave the order to open "Operation Penguin," the attack on London using the A4/V2 rocket as a mobile weapon (to begin on Sept. 15, 1944). The Allies were slowed in their advance by over-extending their supply lines and the Netherlands remained under German control. SS General Hans Kammler, now in charge of all rocket troops, gave General Walter Dornberger instructions to have all available rocket batteries ready for operations in Holland by no later than Sept. 05. After losing his bid to gain control of production, assembly and deployment of the A4 rocket, Dornberger had been charged with oversee and training of the first German rocket troop crews. Now, the V2 onslaught would begin from the international city of The Hague and many remote, forested areas in Holland. The Peenemünde engineers created a mobile erector and trailer called the Meillerwagen, which was produced in Munich by the Meiller Corporation. This device would become a key component in the successful deployment of the missile throughout the Netherlands and Germany.
 

Hardened Bunkers

• Watten
• Wizernes
• Sottevast

Mobile Deployment

• The Hague (Den Haag)
• Wassenaar
• Hoek van Holland
• Rijs
• Hellendoorn / Dalfsen / Hessum / Mataram
• Serooskerke
• Heek / Darfeld / Burgsteinfurt
• Hachenburg in Westerwald